Model run by stephane.hess using Apollo 0.3.5 on R 4.4.0 for Darwin. Please acknowledge the use of Apollo by citing Hess & Palma (2019) DOI 10.1016/j.jocm.2019.100170 www.ApolloChoiceModelling.com Model name : BW_EL Model description : Exploded logit model on drug choice data for best-worst Model run at : 2025-03-10 17:14:39.793154 Estimation method : bgw Model diagnosis : Relative function convergence Optimisation diagnosis : Maximum found hessian properties : Negative definite maximum eigenvalue : -119.375978 reciprocal of condition number : 1.31342e-07 Number of individuals : 1000 Number of rows in database : 10000 Number of modelled outcomes : 10000 Number of cores used : 1 Model without mixing LL(start) : -24849.07 LL at equal shares, LL(0) : -24849.07 LL at observed shares, LL(C) : NA LL(final) : -20791.24 Rho-squared vs equal shares : 0.1633 Adj.Rho-squared vs equal shares : 0.1627 Rho-squared vs observed shares : Not applicable Adj.Rho-squared vs observed shares : Not applicable AIC : 41610.47 BIC : 41711.42 Estimated parameters : 14 Time taken (hh:mm:ss) : 00:00:4.78 pre-estimation : 00:00:0.67 estimation : 00:00:0.78 post-estimation : 00:00:3.33 Iterations : 7 Unconstrained optimisation. Estimates: Estimate s.e. t.rat.(0) Rob.s.e. Rob.t.rat.(0) b_brand_Artemis 0.000000 NA NA NA NA b_brand_Novum -0.298162 0.02725 -10.942 0.02734 -10.905 b_brand_BestValue -0.560407 0.05039 -11.121 0.05235 -10.706 b_brand_Supermarket -0.278061 0.05172 -5.376 0.05650 -4.921 b_brand_PainAway -1.166117 0.05164 -22.581 0.05430 -21.475 b_country_CH 0.605678 0.03511 17.250 0.03442 17.594 b_country_DK 0.294122 0.03359 8.757 0.03295 8.926 b_country_USA 0.000000 NA NA NA NA b_country_IND -0.242291 0.04377 -5.535 0.04480 -5.408 b_country_RUS -0.832418 0.04578 -18.182 0.04561 -18.251 b_country_BRA -0.582758 0.04504 -12.938 0.04625 -12.602 b_char_standard 0.000000 NA NA NA NA b_char_fast 0.719849 0.02438 29.525 0.02401 29.975 b_char_double 1.143847 0.03343 34.216 0.03211 35.627 b_risk -0.001523 4.516e-05 -33.716 4.511e-05 -33.758 b_price -0.716482 0.01580 -45.357 0.01478 -48.487 scale_best 1.000000 NA NA NA NA scale_worst 0.678925 0.01948 34.847 0.01931 35.151 Overview of choices for EL model component, stage 1: alt1 alt2 alt3 alt4 Times available 10000.00 10000.00 10000.00 10000.00 Times chosen 3403.00 3546.00 1517.00 1534.00 Percentage chosen overall 34.03 35.46 15.17 15.34 Percentage chosen when available 34.03 35.46 15.17 15.34 Overview of choices for EL model component, stage 2: alt1 alt2 alt3 alt4 Times available 6597.00 6454.00 8483.00 8466.00 Times chosen 1531.00 1545.00 3482.00 3442.00 Percentage chosen overall 15.31 15.45 34.82 34.42 Percentage chosen when available 23.21 23.94 41.05 40.66 Classical covariance matrix: b_brand_Novum b_brand_BestValue b_brand_Supermarket b_brand_PainAway b_country_CH b_country_DK b_brand_Novum 7.4256e-04 3.8395e-04 4.4142e-04 4.0542e-04 -5.412e-05 -4.717e-05 b_brand_BestValue 3.8395e-04 0.002539 0.001898 0.001786 5.5555e-04 5.2393e-04 b_brand_Supermarket 4.4142e-04 0.001898 0.002675 0.001788 5.8126e-04 5.6065e-04 b_brand_PainAway 4.0542e-04 0.001786 0.001788 0.002667 4.5696e-04 4.7903e-04 b_country_CH -5.412e-05 5.5555e-04 5.8126e-04 4.5696e-04 0.001233 5.7742e-04 b_country_DK -4.717e-05 5.2393e-04 5.6065e-04 4.7903e-04 5.7742e-04 0.001128 b_country_IND -3.217e-05 -9.2709e-04 -9.6012e-04 -8.4263e-04 -4.920e-05 2.500e-05 b_country_RUS -2.086e-05 -9.2229e-04 -9.8344e-04 -7.5234e-04 -1.0692e-04 -3.342e-05 b_country_BRA 3.198e-07 -8.6315e-04 -0.001003 -7.9494e-04 -1.1311e-04 -5.559e-05 b_char_fast 1.725e-06 2.317e-05 9.186e-05 -1.1338e-04 9.979e-05 5.926e-05 b_char_double 6.023e-05 3.2123e-04 3.9791e-04 1.8258e-04 1.1566e-04 3.756e-05 b_risk 1.175e-08 -3.707e-07 -5.118e-07 6.289e-08 -1.805e-07 -1.043e-07 b_price 3.154e-05 2.3465e-04 1.9826e-04 3.1269e-04 -8.549e-05 -2.829e-05 scale_worst -4.173e-06 -4.825e-05 -1.2591e-04 1.6734e-04 -8.754e-05 -5.195e-05 b_country_IND b_country_RUS b_country_BRA b_char_fast b_char_double b_risk b_brand_Novum -3.217e-05 -2.086e-05 3.198e-07 1.725e-06 6.023e-05 1.175e-08 b_brand_BestValue -9.2709e-04 -9.2229e-04 -8.6315e-04 2.317e-05 3.2123e-04 -3.707e-07 b_brand_Supermarket -9.6012e-04 -9.8344e-04 -0.001003 9.186e-05 3.9791e-04 -5.118e-07 b_brand_PainAway -8.4263e-04 -7.5234e-04 -7.9494e-04 -1.1338e-04 1.8258e-04 6.289e-08 b_country_CH -4.920e-05 -1.0692e-04 -1.1311e-04 9.979e-05 1.1566e-04 -1.805e-07 b_country_DK 2.500e-05 -3.342e-05 -5.559e-05 5.926e-05 3.756e-05 -1.043e-07 b_country_IND 0.001916 9.8950e-04 0.001004 -8.882e-05 -7.375e-05 1.314e-07 b_country_RUS 9.8950e-04 0.002096 0.001035 -1.5910e-04 -1.4508e-04 3.725e-07 b_country_BRA 0.001004 0.001035 0.002029 -1.1741e-04 -1.2260e-04 1.905e-07 b_char_fast -8.882e-05 -1.5910e-04 -1.1741e-04 5.9441e-04 3.5830e-04 -2.299e-07 b_char_double -7.375e-05 -1.4508e-04 -1.2260e-04 3.5830e-04 0.001118 -2.552e-07 b_risk 1.314e-07 3.725e-07 1.905e-07 -2.299e-07 -2.552e-07 2.040e-09 b_price 5.093e-05 1.0547e-04 1.0001e-04 -8.804e-05 -1.0834e-04 2.173e-07 scale_worst 9.342e-05 2.2546e-04 1.4507e-04 -1.2941e-04 -1.3843e-04 4.839e-07 b_price scale_worst b_brand_Novum 3.154e-05 -4.173e-06 b_brand_BestValue 2.3465e-04 -4.825e-05 b_brand_Supermarket 1.9826e-04 -1.2591e-04 b_brand_PainAway 3.1269e-04 1.6734e-04 b_country_CH -8.549e-05 -8.754e-05 b_country_DK -2.829e-05 -5.195e-05 b_country_IND 5.093e-05 9.342e-05 b_country_RUS 1.0547e-04 2.2546e-04 b_country_BRA 1.0001e-04 1.4507e-04 b_char_fast -8.804e-05 -1.2941e-04 b_char_double -1.0834e-04 -1.3843e-04 b_risk 2.173e-07 4.839e-07 b_price 2.4952e-04 9.610e-05 scale_worst 9.610e-05 3.7958e-04 Robust covariance matrix: b_brand_Novum b_brand_BestValue b_brand_Supermarket b_brand_PainAway b_country_CH b_country_DK b_brand_Novum 7.4761e-04 3.2320e-04 4.1145e-04 3.6232e-04 -1.0771e-04 -6.845e-05 b_brand_BestValue 3.2320e-04 0.002740 0.002202 0.002031 4.3285e-04 3.7544e-04 b_brand_Supermarket 4.1145e-04 0.002202 0.003193 0.002118 4.8596e-04 4.4604e-04 b_brand_PainAway 3.6232e-04 0.002031 0.002118 0.002948 3.7755e-04 3.9490e-04 b_country_CH -1.0771e-04 4.3285e-04 4.8596e-04 3.7755e-04 0.001185 5.2894e-04 b_country_DK -6.845e-05 3.7544e-04 4.4604e-04 3.9490e-04 5.2894e-04 0.001086 b_country_IND -7.835e-06 -9.6782e-04 -0.001020 -8.0070e-04 -4.916e-05 2.242e-05 b_country_RUS 9.684e-06 -9.6936e-04 -0.001060 -7.7449e-04 -1.4828e-04 -3.602e-05 b_country_BRA 6.120e-05 -9.4697e-04 -0.001115 -8.0832e-04 -1.2454e-04 -7.569e-05 b_char_fast -4.449e-05 7.872e-06 1.0910e-04 -1.0477e-04 1.0108e-04 4.488e-05 b_char_double -2.848e-06 2.2688e-04 3.5273e-04 1.1201e-04 9.093e-05 1.078e-05 b_risk 2.231e-08 -3.754e-07 -5.718e-07 -1.075e-08 -1.050e-07 -2.568e-08 b_price 4.214e-05 1.9833e-04 1.5058e-04 2.6345e-04 -7.027e-05 -2.252e-05 scale_worst 2.622e-05 -7.228e-05 -1.7337e-04 1.4408e-04 -9.994e-05 -7.022e-05 b_country_IND b_country_RUS b_country_BRA b_char_fast b_char_double b_risk b_brand_Novum -7.835e-06 9.684e-06 6.120e-05 -4.449e-05 -2.848e-06 2.231e-08 b_brand_BestValue -9.6782e-04 -9.6936e-04 -9.4697e-04 7.872e-06 2.2688e-04 -3.754e-07 b_brand_Supermarket -0.001020 -0.001060 -0.001115 1.0910e-04 3.5273e-04 -5.718e-07 b_brand_PainAway -8.0070e-04 -7.7449e-04 -8.0832e-04 -1.0477e-04 1.1201e-04 -1.075e-08 b_country_CH -4.916e-05 -1.4828e-04 -1.2454e-04 1.0108e-04 9.093e-05 -1.050e-07 b_country_DK 2.242e-05 -3.602e-05 -7.569e-05 4.488e-05 1.078e-05 -2.568e-08 b_country_IND 0.002007 9.7367e-04 0.001072 -1.1966e-04 -1.4776e-04 2.033e-07 b_country_RUS 9.7367e-04 0.002080 0.001153 -2.2686e-04 -1.9990e-04 4.468e-07 b_country_BRA 0.001072 0.001153 0.002139 -1.7461e-04 -2.1246e-04 2.680e-07 b_char_fast -1.1966e-04 -2.2686e-04 -1.7461e-04 5.7671e-04 3.4308e-04 -2.050e-07 b_char_double -1.4776e-04 -1.9990e-04 -2.1246e-04 3.4308e-04 0.001031 -1.799e-07 b_risk 2.033e-07 4.468e-07 2.680e-07 -2.050e-07 -1.799e-07 2.035e-09 b_price 7.823e-05 1.2145e-04 1.1714e-04 -8.801e-05 -1.0162e-04 1.839e-07 scale_worst 1.0952e-04 2.3434e-04 1.8052e-04 -1.4639e-04 -1.2555e-04 4.984e-07 b_price scale_worst b_brand_Novum 4.214e-05 2.622e-05 b_brand_BestValue 1.9833e-04 -7.228e-05 b_brand_Supermarket 1.5058e-04 -1.7337e-04 b_brand_PainAway 2.6345e-04 1.4408e-04 b_country_CH -7.027e-05 -9.994e-05 b_country_DK -2.252e-05 -7.022e-05 b_country_IND 7.823e-05 1.0952e-04 b_country_RUS 1.2145e-04 2.3434e-04 b_country_BRA 1.1714e-04 1.8052e-04 b_char_fast -8.801e-05 -1.4639e-04 b_char_double -1.0162e-04 -1.2555e-04 b_risk 1.839e-07 4.984e-07 b_price 2.1835e-04 9.255e-05 scale_worst 9.255e-05 3.7304e-04 Classical correlation matrix: b_brand_Novum b_brand_BestValue b_brand_Supermarket b_brand_PainAway b_country_CH b_country_DK b_brand_Novum 1.000000 0.27960 0.31318 0.28811 -0.05657 -0.05154 b_brand_BestValue 0.279596 1.00000 0.72813 0.68613 0.31398 0.30956 b_brand_Supermarket 0.313183 0.72813 1.00000 0.66957 0.32006 0.32274 b_brand_PainAway 0.288106 0.68613 0.66957 1.00000 0.25203 0.27620 b_country_CH -0.056565 0.31398 0.32006 0.25203 1.00000 0.48967 b_country_DK -0.051537 0.30956 0.32274 0.27620 0.48967 1.00000 b_country_IND -0.026972 -0.42028 -0.42407 -0.37277 -0.03201 0.01701 b_country_RUS -0.016719 -0.39976 -0.41530 -0.31822 -0.06651 -0.02174 b_country_BRA 2.6055e-04 -0.38027 -0.43052 -0.34177 -0.07152 -0.03674 b_char_fast 0.002596 0.01886 0.07285 -0.09005 0.11657 0.07237 b_char_double 0.066117 0.19068 0.23013 0.10576 0.09853 0.03346 b_risk 0.009550 -0.16289 -0.21908 0.02697 -0.11385 -0.06878 b_price 0.073269 0.29478 0.24266 0.38333 -0.15413 -0.05333 scale_worst -0.007860 -0.04914 -0.12494 0.16632 -0.12796 -0.07939 b_country_IND b_country_RUS b_country_BRA b_char_fast b_char_double b_risk b_brand_Novum -0.02697 -0.01672 2.6055e-04 0.002596 0.06612 0.009550 b_brand_BestValue -0.42028 -0.39976 -0.38027 0.018863 0.19068 -0.162889 b_brand_Supermarket -0.42407 -0.41530 -0.43052 0.072846 0.23013 -0.219083 b_brand_PainAway -0.37277 -0.31822 -0.34177 -0.090050 0.10576 0.026968 b_country_CH -0.03201 -0.06651 -0.07152 0.116571 0.09853 -0.113849 b_country_DK 0.01701 -0.02174 -0.03674 0.072369 0.03346 -0.068775 b_country_IND 1.00000 0.49376 0.50929 -0.083226 -0.05040 0.066482 b_country_RUS 0.49376 1.00000 0.50195 -0.142539 -0.09479 0.180157 b_country_BRA 0.50929 0.50195 1.00000 -0.106913 -0.08142 0.093651 b_char_fast -0.08323 -0.14254 -0.10691 1.000000 0.43961 -0.208780 b_char_double -0.05040 -0.09479 -0.08142 0.439612 1.00000 -0.169003 b_risk 0.06648 0.18016 0.09365 -0.208780 -0.16900 1.000000 b_price 0.07366 0.14584 0.14057 -0.228606 -0.20515 0.304585 scale_worst 0.10954 0.25276 0.16532 -0.272446 -0.21254 0.549965 b_price scale_worst b_brand_Novum 0.07327 -0.007860 b_brand_BestValue 0.29478 -0.049143 b_brand_Supermarket 0.24266 -0.124944 b_brand_PainAway 0.38333 0.166323 b_country_CH -0.15413 -0.127965 b_country_DK -0.05333 -0.079386 b_country_IND 0.07366 0.109540 b_country_RUS 0.14584 0.252760 b_country_BRA 0.14057 0.165317 b_char_fast -0.22861 -0.272446 b_char_double -0.20515 -0.212541 b_risk 0.30458 0.549965 b_price 1.00000 0.312263 scale_worst 0.31226 1.000000 Robust correlation matrix: b_brand_Novum b_brand_BestValue b_brand_Supermarket b_brand_PainAway b_country_CH b_country_DK b_brand_Novum 1.000000 0.225815 0.26632 0.244033 -0.11444 -0.07597 b_brand_BestValue 0.225815 1.000000 0.74462 0.714605 0.24021 0.21767 b_brand_Supermarket 0.266324 0.744624 1.00000 0.690306 0.24984 0.23957 b_brand_PainAway 0.244033 0.714605 0.69031 1.000000 0.20198 0.22071 b_country_CH -0.114435 0.240213 0.24984 0.201978 1.00000 0.46631 b_country_DK -0.075973 0.217670 0.23957 0.220710 0.46631 1.00000 b_country_IND -0.006396 -0.412712 -0.40302 -0.329153 -0.03188 0.01519 b_country_RUS 0.007766 -0.406019 -0.41138 -0.312719 -0.09444 -0.02397 b_country_BRA 0.048404 -0.391196 -0.42671 -0.321897 -0.07823 -0.04967 b_char_fast -0.067753 0.006262 0.08041 -0.080346 0.12227 0.05672 b_char_double -0.003244 0.135000 0.19444 0.064251 0.08227 0.01019 b_risk 0.018090 -0.158991 -0.22436 -0.004388 -0.06761 -0.01728 b_price 0.104310 0.256415 0.18035 0.328343 -0.13813 -0.04626 scale_worst 0.049655 -0.071496 -0.15886 0.137379 -0.15032 -0.11033 b_country_IND b_country_RUS b_country_BRA b_char_fast b_char_double b_risk b_brand_Novum -0.006396 0.007766 0.04840 -0.067753 -0.003244 0.018090 b_brand_BestValue -0.412712 -0.406019 -0.39120 0.006262 0.135000 -0.158991 b_brand_Supermarket -0.403022 -0.411379 -0.42671 0.080406 0.194442 -0.224362 b_brand_PainAway -0.329153 -0.312719 -0.32190 -0.080346 0.064251 -0.004388 b_country_CH -0.031875 -0.094437 -0.07823 0.122266 0.082273 -0.067607 b_country_DK 0.015186 -0.023970 -0.04967 0.056718 0.010187 -0.017281 b_country_IND 1.000000 0.476517 0.51730 -0.111229 -0.102728 0.100582 b_country_RUS 0.476517 1.000000 0.54683 -0.207118 -0.136512 0.217153 b_country_BRA 0.517302 0.546830 1.00000 -0.157230 -0.143096 0.128455 b_char_fast -0.111229 -0.207118 -0.15723 1.000000 0.444969 -0.189211 b_char_double -0.102728 -0.136512 -0.14310 0.444969 1.000000 -0.124222 b_risk 0.100582 0.217153 0.12846 -0.189211 -0.124222 1.000000 b_price 0.118173 0.180197 0.17142 -0.248028 -0.214187 0.275853 scale_worst 0.126570 0.266010 0.20210 -0.315621 -0.202465 0.572051 b_price scale_worst b_brand_Novum 0.10431 0.04966 b_brand_BestValue 0.25641 -0.07150 b_brand_Supermarket 0.18035 -0.15886 b_brand_PainAway 0.32834 0.13738 b_country_CH -0.13813 -0.15032 b_country_DK -0.04626 -0.11033 b_country_IND 0.11817 0.12657 b_country_RUS 0.18020 0.26601 b_country_BRA 0.17142 0.20210 b_char_fast -0.24803 -0.31562 b_char_double -0.21419 -0.20246 b_risk 0.27585 0.57205 b_price 1.00000 0.32427 scale_worst 0.32427 1.00000 20 most extreme outliers in terms of lowest average per choice prediction: ID Avg prob per choice 593 0.04488440 875 0.04646765 367 0.04759390 859 0.05482496 947 0.05738701 476 0.05911237 70 0.06101027 499 0.06154802 933 0.06219205 8 0.06279240 288 0.06285833 240 0.06337007 678 0.06355717 824 0.06381915 287 0.06390544 584 0.06414882 163 0.06423017 326 0.06424268 524 0.06438017 1000 0.06439170 Changes in parameter estimates from starting values: Initial Estimate Difference b_brand_Artemis 0.000 0.000000 0.000000 b_brand_Novum 0.000 -0.298162 -0.298162 b_brand_BestValue 0.000 -0.560407 -0.560407 b_brand_Supermarket 0.000 -0.278061 -0.278061 b_brand_PainAway 0.000 -1.166117 -1.166117 b_country_CH 0.000 0.605678 0.605678 b_country_DK 0.000 0.294122 0.294122 b_country_USA 0.000 0.000000 0.000000 b_country_IND 0.000 -0.242291 -0.242291 b_country_RUS 0.000 -0.832418 -0.832418 b_country_BRA 0.000 -0.582758 -0.582758 b_char_standard 0.000 0.000000 0.000000 b_char_fast 0.000 0.719849 0.719849 b_char_double 0.000 1.143847 1.143847 b_risk 0.000 -0.001523 -0.001523 b_price 0.000 -0.716482 -0.716482 scale_best 1.000 1.000000 0.000000 scale_worst 1.000 0.678925 -0.321075 Settings and functions used in model definition: apollo_control -------------- Value modelDescr "Exploded logit model on drug choice data for best-worst" indivID "ID" outputDirectory "output/" debug "FALSE" modelName "BW_EL" nCores "1" workInLogs "FALSE" seed "13" mixing "FALSE" HB "FALSE" noValidation "FALSE" noDiagnostics "FALSE" calculateLLC "TRUE" analyticHessian "FALSE" memorySaver "FALSE" panelData "TRUE" analyticGrad "TRUE" analyticGrad_manualSet "FALSE" overridePanel "FALSE" preventOverridePanel "FALSE" noModification "FALSE" Hessian routines attempted -------------------------- numerical second derivative of LL (using numDeriv) Scaling used in computing Hessian --------------------------------- Value b_brand_Novum 0.298161724 b_brand_BestValue 0.560406741 b_brand_Supermarket 0.278060669 b_brand_PainAway 1.166117197 b_country_CH 0.605677662 b_country_DK 0.294121754 b_country_IND 0.242291407 b_country_RUS 0.832417928 b_country_BRA 0.582757809 b_char_fast 0.719849100 b_char_double 1.143846706 b_risk 0.001522712 b_price 0.716481902 scale_worst 0.678925316 apollo_probabilities ---------------------- function(apollo_beta, apollo_inputs, functionality="estimate"){ ### Attach inputs and detach after function exit apollo_attach(apollo_beta, apollo_inputs) on.exit(apollo_detach(apollo_beta, apollo_inputs)) ### Create list of probabilities P P = list() ### List of utilities: these must use the same names as in el_settings, order is irrelevant V = list() V[["alt1"]] = ( b_brand_Artemis*(brand_1=="Artemis") + b_brand_Novum*(brand_1=="Novum") + b_country_CH*(country_1=="Switzerland") + b_country_DK*(country_1=="Denmark") + b_country_USA*(country_1=="USA") + b_char_standard*(char_1=="standard") + b_char_fast*(char_1=="fast acting") + b_char_double*(char_1=="double strength") + b_risk*side_effects_1 + b_price*price_1) V[["alt2"]] = ( b_brand_Artemis*(brand_2=="Artemis") + b_brand_Novum*(brand_2=="Novum") + b_country_CH*(country_2=="Switzerland") + b_country_DK*(country_2=="Denmark") + b_country_USA*(country_2=="USA") + b_char_standard*(char_2=="standard") + b_char_fast*(char_2=="fast acting") + b_char_double*(char_2=="double strength") + b_risk*side_effects_2 + b_price*price_2) V[["alt3"]] = ( b_brand_BestValue*(brand_3=="BestValue") + b_brand_Supermarket*(brand_3=="Supermarket") + b_brand_PainAway*(brand_3=="PainAway") + b_country_USA*(country_3=="USA") + b_country_IND*(country_3=="India") + b_country_RUS*(country_3=="Russia") + b_country_BRA*(country_3=="Brazil") + b_char_standard*(char_3=="standard") + b_char_fast*(char_3=="fast acting") + b_risk*side_effects_3 + b_price*price_3 ) V[["alt4"]] = ( b_brand_BestValue*(brand_4=="BestValue") + b_brand_Supermarket*(brand_4=="Supermarket") + b_brand_PainAway*(brand_4=="PainAway") + b_country_USA*(country_4=="USA") + b_country_IND*(country_4=="India") + b_country_RUS*(country_4=="Russia") + b_country_BRA*(country_4=="Brazil") + b_char_standard*(char_4=="standard") + b_char_fast*(char_4=="fast acting") + b_risk*side_effects_4 + b_price*price_4 ) ### Define settings for exploded logit el_settings = list( alternatives = c(alt1=1, alt2=2, alt3=3, alt4=4), avail = list(alt1=1, alt2=1, alt3=1, alt4=1), choiceVars = list(best,worst), utilities = V, scales = list(scale_best,-scale_worst) ) ### Compute exploded logit probabilities P[["model"]]=apollo_el(el_settings, functionality) ### Take product across observation for same individual P = apollo_panelProd(P, apollo_inputs, functionality) ### Prepare and return outputs of function P = apollo_prepareProb(P, apollo_inputs, functionality) return(P) }